Steven Hale
1 min readJun 16, 2019

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I’m going to have to read your article more carefully before responding in detail, but my first reaction is that if we called the critical studies you describe here “Justice Studies” rather than “Grievance Studies,” we could eliminate some of the straw man arguments against those who seek to incorporate social responsibility into what people call the scientific method.

Many years ago, I read all the scientific (mostly peer-reviewed) articles produced by researchers in the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male (including an article by Eunice Rivers telling nurses how they could help doctors in similar experiments). There was no attempt to conceal the fact that after the first phase of the study, when effective treatments became available, the subjects were denied proper treatment in order to study the progression of the disease. The ravages of syphilis were described in clinical detail in orderly charts and graphs.

I cannot fathom any definition of truth or science or objectivity that would bracket out the horror of this or any other of the many nonconsensual experiments conducted during the 20th century.

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Steven Hale
Steven Hale

Written by Steven Hale

Music: Discovering the lost and forgotten. Politics: Exposing injustice. Screenwriting: Emotional storytelling.

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