Another enjoyable entry in the series. I had always wondered about John Cale's role in the Stooges album--this clarifies much, and I'll have to explore some of these alternative takes. Cale was apparently more formative on the Modern Lovers debut.

On albums where he was clearly in charge (Nico's "Marble Index" and "Desert Shore"; Jennifer Warnes' "Jennifer" e.g.) he clearly steers the direction with his production and arrangement. And of course his production of his own albums and collaborations is seminal.

Just dug up this discography of his production credits: https://werksman.home.xs4all.nl/cale/prod/index.html